TypeScript
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Definition of the Language
TypeScript is a programming language which was developed by Microsoft. It is free, open source and superset of the JavaScript. Maintained by Microsoft, the language comes with an addition of class-based object oriented programming, as well as optional static typing to the JavaScript. It is possible to create JavaScript applications for client or server side using the TypeScript.
TypeScript has been created to tackle the development of large programs. Being a superset of the JavaScript, it can be transcompiled to the latter and all JavaScript programs can be considered as TypeScript programs.
In addition, the language has support for definition files containing type information of current JavaScript libraries. This feature is quite similar to header files in the C or C++ languages which describe the structure of current object files. As a result, other programs can make use of these values and act as entities which were typed statically using TypeScript.
History of TypeScript
TypeScript is a relatively new language. It was launched for public use in October 2012, as the version 0.8 of the language. It was a result of two years of developed at Microsoft, with Anders Hejlsberg, the lead architect of c#, as well as the creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal working on the project too.
Not long after its release, the language was praised by Miguel de Icaza, the Mexican programmer. However, he also criticized the absence of IDE support for TypeScript excluding Microsoft Visual Studio which is unavailable on Linux and OS X.
This lack of IDE support issue was tackled and by 2013, TypeScript support was present in other IDEs, such as Eclipse using a plug-in provided by Palantir Technologies. Several text editors were also released with support for TypeScript, such as Sublime, Vim and Emacs.
The TypeScript 0.8 was followed by a newer version, the TypeScript 0.9 which was released in 2013. The newer edition had an additional feature- support for generics. TypeScript 0.9 was succeeded by TypeScript 1.0 which was released at the Build 2014. The second update for Visual Studio 2013 provides default support for TypeScript.
A New compiler for TypeScript was announced by its development team in July 2014. The team claimed that the new compiler would bring five times gains in performance with itself. Around the same time, the source code for TypeScript, which was originally hosted by CodePlex, was shifted to Github.